Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality
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| Title: | Main Title: Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality |
| Description: | Abstract: Many experiments have shown that loss of biodiversity reduces the capacity of ecosystems to provide the multiple services on which humans depend. However, experiments necessarily simplify the complexity of natural ecosystems and will normally control for other important drivers of ecosystem functioning, such as the environment or land use. In addition, existing studies typically focus on the diversity of single trophic groups, neglecting the fact that biodiversity loss occurs across many taxa and that the functional effects of any trophic group may depend on the abundance and diversity of others. Here we report analysis of the relationships between the species richness and abundance of nine trophic groups, including 4,600 above- and below-ground taxa, and 14 ecosystem services and functions and with their simultaneous provision (or multifunctionality) in 150 grasslands. We show that high species richness in multiple trophic groups (multitrophic richness) had stronger positive effects on ecosystem services than richness in any individual trophic group; this includes plant species richness, the most widely used measure of biodiversity. On average, three trophic groups influenced each ecosystem service, with each trophic group influencing at least one service. Multitrophic richness was particularly beneficial for ‘regulating’ and ‘cultural’ services, and for multifunctionality, whereas a change in the total abundance of species or biomass in multiple trophic groups (the multitrophic abundance) positively affected supporting services. Multitrophic richness and abundance drove ecosystem functioning as strongly as abiotic conditions and land-use intensity, extending previous experimental results to real-world ecosystems. Primary producers, herbivorous insects and microbial decomposers seem to be particularly important drivers of ecosystem functioning, as shown by the strong and frequent positive associations of their richness or abundance with multiple ecosystem services. Our results show that multitrophic richness and abundance support ecosystem functioning, and demonstrate that a focus on single groups has led to researchers to greatly underestimate the functional importance of biodiversity. |
Responsible Party
| Creators: | Santiago Soliveres (Author), Fons van der Plas (Author), Peter Manning (Author), Daniel Prati (Author), Martin Gossner (Author), Swen Renner (Author), Fabian Alt (Author), Hartmut Arndt (Author) |
| Publisher: | Macmillan Publishers Limited |
| Publication Year: | 2019 |
Topic
| CRC1211 Topic: | Biology |
| Related Subproject: | B3 |
| Subject: | Keyword: Biodiversity |
| Geogr. Information Topic: | Biota |
File Details
| Filename: | Soliveresetal2016Nature.pdf |
| Data Type: | Text - Article |
| File Size: | 4.8 MB |
| Date: | Available: 25.08.2016 |
| Mime Type: | application/pdf |
| Data Format: | |
| Language: | English |
| Status: | Completed |
Constraints
| Download Permission: | Only Project Members |
| General Access and Use Conditions: | According to the CRC1211DB data policy agreement. |
| Access Limitations: | According to the CRC1211DB data policy agreement. |
| Licence: | None |
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Specific Information - Publication
| Publication Status: | Published |
| Review Status: | Not peer reviewed |
| Publication Type: | Article |
| Article Type: | Journal |
| Source: | Nature |
| Source Website: | Nature.com |
| Volume: | 536 |
| Number of Pages: | 16 (456 - 471) |
Metadata Details
| Metadata Creator: | Frank Nitsche |
| Metadata Created: | 23.10.2019 |
| Metadata Last Updated: | 23.10.2019 |
| Subproject: | B3 |
| Funding Phase: | 1 |
| Metadata Language: | English |
| Metadata Version: | V50 |
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| Page Visits: | 258 |
| Metadata Downloads: | 0 |
| Dataset Downloads: | 2 |
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